Coastal global oceans are expected to undergo drastic changes driven by climate change
and increasing anthropogenic pressures in coming decades. Predicting specific future …

A good understanding of the mechanisms and magnitude of the impact of invasive alien
species on ecosystem services and biodiversity is a prerequisite for the efficient prioritisation …

Benthic–pelagic coupling is manifested as the exchange of energy, mass, or nutrients
between benthic and pelagic habitats. It plays a prominent role in aquatic ecosystems, and it …

The human-mediated introduction of marine non-indigenous species is a centuries-if not
millennia-old phenomenon, but was only recently acknowledged as a potent driver of …

Climate change has multiple effects on Baltic Sea species, communities and ecosystem
functioning through changes in physical and biogeochemical environmental characteristics …

Habitat-forming species sustain biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in harsh
environments through the amelioration of physical stress. Nonetheless, their role in shaping …

The Baltic Sea is affected by a range of human induced environmental pressures such as
eutrophication. Here we synthesize the ongoing shift from diatom dominance toward more …

The productivity of aquatic ecosystems depends on the supply of limiting nutrients. The
invasion of the Laurentian Great Lakes, the world's largest freshwater ecosystem, by …

Size is a fundamental organismal trait and an important driver of ecosystem functions.
Although large individuals may dominate some functions and provide important habitat …

Hypoxia has occurred intermittently over the Holocene in the Baltic Sea, but the recent
expansion from less than 10 000 km 2 before 1950 to> 60 000 km 2 since 2000 is mainly …