In 1942, Walls described the concept of a 'nocturnal bottleneck'in placental mammals, where
these species could survive only by avoiding daytime activity during times in which …

The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) has been valuable as a primate model in
biomedical research. Interest in this species has grown recently, in part due to the successful …

Expansion of anthropogenic noise and night lighting across our planet, is of increasing
conservation concern,,–. Despite growing knowledge of physiological and behavioural …

Comparative analysis of primate genomes within a phylogenetic context is essential for
understanding the evolution of human genetic architecture and primate diversity. We present …

Many animals regulate their activity over a 24-h sleep–wake cycle, concentrating their peak
periods of activity to coincide with the hours of daylight, darkness, or twilight, or using …

A comprehensive treatment of visual ecology Visual ecology is the study of how animals use
visual systems to meet their ecological needs, how these systems have evolved, and how …

Previous comparative research has attributed interspecific variation in eye size among
mammals to selection related to visual acuity. Mammalian species have also been …

Early mammals were small and nocturnal. Their visual systems had regressed and they had
poor vision. After the extinction of the dinosaurs 66 mya, some but not all escaped the …

Many aspects of an animal's ecology are associated with activity pattern, the time of day
when that animal is awake and active. There are two major activity patterns: diurnal, active …

Nonhuman animals steeply discount the future, showing a preference for small, immediate
over large, delayed rewards [1–5]. Currently unclear is whether discounting functions …