Neurological and immunological signals constitute an extensive regulatory network in our
body that maintains physiology and homeostasis. The cholinergic system plays a significant …

Objective: To review the pathophysiology, etiology, and treatment of attention-deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Data Sources and Data Extraction: A literature search was …

As indicated by the profound cognitive impairments caused by cholinergic receptor
antagonists, cholinergic neurotransmission has a vital role in cognitive function, specifically …

Nicotinic receptors—a family of ligand-gated ion channels that mediate the effects of the
neurotransmitter acetylcholine—are among the most well understood allosteric membrane …

Abstract The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) convened a meeting in September
2005 to review tobacco use and dependence and smoking cessation among those with …

This practice parameter describes treatment with stimulant medication. It uses an evidence-
based medicine approach derived from a detailed literature review and expert consultation …

Rationale Nicotine has been shown in a variety of studies in humans and experimental
animals to improve cognitive function. Nicotinic treatments are being developed as …

Objectives: Medications used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults
have been well researched, but comparisons among drugs are hindered by the absence of …

This article reviews cigarette smoking in patients with psychiatric disorders (PD) and
substance use disorders (SUD). Rates of smoking are approximately 23% in the US …

BACKGROUND: This study reexamined gender differences in a large sample of adults with
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: We assessed the effects of …