Sleep is considered essential for the brain and body. A predominant concept is that sleep is
regulated by circadian rhythmicity and sleep homeostasis, processes that were posited to be …

Molecules involved in innate immunity affect sleep and circadian oscillators and vice versa.
Sleep-inducing inflammatory molecules are activated by increased waking activity and …

Traditional machine learning methods suffer from severe overfitting in EEG-based emotion
reading. In this paper, we use hierarchical convolutional neural network (HCNN) to classify …

Sleep is a complex physiological process that is regulated globally, regionally, and locally
by both cellular and molecular mechanisms. It occurs to some extent in all animals, although …

Despite decades of intense study, the functions of sleep are still shrouded in mystery. The
difficulty in understanding these functions can be at least partly attributed to the varied …

The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mediates the plasticity-related changes that
associate with memory processing during sleep. Sleep deprivation and chronic stress are …

A commonly held view is that extended wakefulness is causal for a broad spectrum of
deleterious effects at molecular, cellular, network, physiological, psychological, and …

Delta activity on electroencephalogram (EEG) is considered a biomarker of homeostatic
sleep drive. Delta power is often associated with sleep duration and intensity. Here, we …

In passive BCI studies, a common approach is to collect data from mental states of interest
during relatively long trials and divide these trials into shorter “epochs” to serve as individual …

Consciousness is determined both by level (eg, being awake versus being anesthetized)
and content (ie, the qualitative aspects of experience). Subcortical areas are known to play a …