The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes
that control cell proliferation and apoptosis, as well as genes that respond to inflammation …

OBJECTIVES: To review the current literature on the regulation of bone remodelling at the
cellular level. DESIGN AND METHODS: The cellular activities of the cells in the basic …

Osteoarthritis (OA) was once defined as a non-inflammatory arthropathy, but it is now well-
recognized that there is a major inflammatory component to this disease. In addition to …

The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) and ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) conjugation
pathways are integral to cellular protein homeostasis. The growing recognition of the …

The transcription factor NF-κB is a family of proteins involved in signaling pathways essential
for normal cellular functions and development. Deletion of various components of this …

NF-κB signaling has been discovered for nearly 40 years. Initially, NF-κB signaling was
identified as a pivotal pathway in mediating inflammatory responses. However, with …

Aging is a biological process characterized by time-dependent functional declines that are
influenced by changes in redox status and by oxidative stress-induced inflammatory …

Osteocytes, entrapped within a newly mineralized bone matrix, possess a unique cellular
identity due to a specialized morphology and a molecular signature. These features endow …

Monocyte lineage cells play important roles in health and disease. Their differentiation into
macrophages is crucial for a broad array of immunologic processes that regulate …

In the last two decades, numerous scientists have highlighted the interactions between bone
and immune cells as well as their overlapping regulatory mechanisms. For example …