Suppression of HIV replication by highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) often restores
protective pathogen-specific immune responses, but in some patients the restored immune …

HIV/AIDS pandemic has caused a resurgence of TB, resulting in increased morbidity and
mortality worldwide. HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis have a synergistic interaction; …

Background We previously reported that integrating antiretroviral therapy (ART) with
tuberculosis treatment reduces mortality. However, the timing for the initiation of ART during …

Background The rates of death are high among patients with coinfection with tuberculosis
and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The optimal timing for the initiation of …

The discovery of effective therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has
improved the outlook for patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)(75 …

Immune reconstitution disease (IRD) in HIV-infected patients is an adverse consequence of
the restoration of pathogen-specific immune responses during the initial months of highly …

The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in HIV-infected patients initiating
antiretroviral therapy (ART) results from restored immunity to specific infectious or non …

The prognosis of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 has
dramatically improved since the advent of potent antiretroviral therapies (ARTs), which have …

Objective: To determine the incidence, clinical manifestations, risk factors and outcome of
immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in South Africa. Design: Prospective …

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) occurred in 16 of 37 antiretroviral-naive
patients who were treated subsequently for tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus …