To protect the environment, China attaches great importance to waste lead-acid battery
recycling of electric bikes (e-bikes). If China wants to do a good job in recycling, it cannot do …

This paper benchmarks three different lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery voltage modelling
approaches, a physics-based approach using an Extended Single Particle Model (ESPM) …

With the widespread use of electric bikes (E-bikes), charging safety incidents occur
frequently, even causing serious hazards. However, detecting and warning of unsafe …

An energy storage system simulation requires a battery model capable of precisely
predicting the dynamic behaviour and I–V characteristics. An equivalent circuit model (ECM) …

With the increasing environmental concerns, plug-in electric vehicles will eventually become
the main transportation tools in future smart cities. As a key component and the main power …

While electric bikes have recently gained recognition, the initial concept was developed
during the 1880s. They are a cheaper, cleaner and efficient means of transport that can help …

Practical identifiability of battery model parameters, on which both modeling accuracy and
robustness rely, is considered as a very important prerequisite for advanced onboard …

In this paper, a characterization method for a lithium iron phosphate (LFP) pouch cell is
presented and evaluated, using a method that applies to hybrid current pulses called hybrid …

Lithium-ion battery (LIB) terminal voltage models are investigated using two modelling
approaches. The first model is a third-order Thevenin equivalent circuit model (ECM), which …

Shared transportation is a new way of traveling generated by the rapid development of the
“Internet+” and the sharing economy. Due to the limited energy carried by shared e‐bikes …