Background: The gastrointestinal tract is one of the most microbiologically active ecosystems
that plays a crucial role in the working of the mucosal immune system (MIS). In this …

Probiotics are viable microorganisms that provide beneficial health effects when consumed
in adequate quantity by the host. Immunomodulation is one of the major beneficial effects of …

Metabolite lactic acid has always been regarded as a metabolic by-product rather than a
bioactive molecule. Recently, this view has changed since it was discovered that lactic acid …

The presence of heavy metals (HMs) in aquatic ecosystems is a universal concern due to
their tendency to accumulate in aquatic organisms. HMs accumulation has been found to …

Gut commensals help shape and mold host immune system and deeply influence human
health. The disease spectrum of mankind that gut microbiome may associate with is ever …

Infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus worldwide has led the World Health
Organization to declare a COVID-19 pandemic. Because there is no cure or treatment for …

Spore-forming probiotic bacteria offer interesting properties as they have an intrinsic high
stability, and when consumed, they are able to survive the adverse conditions encountered …

Hypoglycemic medications that could be co-administered with prebiotics and functional
foods can potentially reduce the burden of metabolic diseases such as Type 2 Diabetes …

Antibiotic resistance has turned into a global public health issue. Enterococci are intrinsically
resistant to many antimicrobials groups. These bacteria colonize dairy and meat products …

Heavy metals (HMs) contaminated fish is a threat to humans when consumed. Dietary
probiotics have evolved as a successful HMs removal approach. In this study, probiotics …