Topoisomerases introduce transient DNA breaks to relax supercoiled DNA, remove
catenanes and enable chromosome segregation. Human cells encode six topoisomerases …

Genomic DNA and cellular RNAs can form a variety of non-B secondary structures, including
G-quadruplex (G4) and R-loops. G4s are constituted by stacked guanine tetrads held …

R-loops comprise an RNA/DNA hybrid and displaced single-stranded DNA. They play
important biological roles and are implicated in pathology. Even so, proteins recognizing …

Although accumulation of DNA damage and genomic instability in resting cells can cause
neurodegenerative disorders, our understanding of how transcription produces DNA double …

Background Co-transcriptional R-loops are abundant non-B DNA structures in mammalian
genomes. DNA Topoisomerase I (Top1) is often thought to regulate R-loop formation owing …

Neutrophils are short-lived innate immune cells. These cells respond quickly to stimuli, and
die within minutes to hours; the relevance of DNA transcription in dying neutrophils remains …

Oncogene-induced DNA replication stress (RS) and consequent pathogenic R-loop
formation are known to impede S phase progression. Nonetheless, cancer cells …

ATRX is a chromatin remodelling factor found at a wide range of tandemly repeated
sequences including telomeres (TTAGGG) n. ATRX mutations are found in nearly all …

DNA topoisomerases constitute a large family of enzymes that are essential for all domains
of life. Although they share general reaction chemistry and the capacity to govern DNA …

R loops are nucleic acid structures comprising an DNA–RNA hybrid and a displaced single-
stranded DNA. These structures may occur transiently during transcription, playing essential …