T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell
development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and …

T lymphocytes, the major effector cells in cellular immunity, produce cytokines in immune
responses to mediate inflammation and regulate other types of immune cells. Work in the …

The deployment of effective vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical to eradicate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID …

The immune system plays a critical role in protecting hosts from the invasion of organisms.
CD4 T cells, as a key component of the immune system, are central in orchestrating adaptive …

Helping B cells and antibody responses is a major function of CD4+ T cells. It has been 10
years since the publication of Bcl6 as the lineage-defining transcription factor for T follicular …

Follicular helper T (TFH) cells provide help to B cells, supporting the formation of germinal
centres that allow affinity maturation of antibody responses. Although usually located in …

CD4+ T helper cells are key regulators of host health and disease. In the original model,
specialized subsets of T helper cells are generated following activation through lineage …

Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells are specialized providers of T cell help to B cells, and are
essential for germinal center formation, affinity maturation, and the development of most high …

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protects the central nervous system (CNS) and analyzing CSF
aids the diagnosis of CNS diseases, but our understanding of CSF leukocytes remains …

CD4+ T cell-derived interleukin 21 (IL-21) sustains CD8+ T cell responses during chronic
viral infection, but the helper subset that confers this protection remains unclear. Here, we …