We provide reporting guidelines for multilevel factor analysis (MFA) and use these
guidelines to systematically review 72 MFA applications in journals across a range of …

Multilevel modeling (MLM) is a statistical technique for analyzing clustered data. Despite its
long history, the technique and accompanying computer programs are rapidly evolving …

School innovativeness has become a crucial criterion for the long-term success of education
systems in terms of their adaptability to societal changes. We examined the relations among …

Multilevel modelling is a data analysis method that is frequently used to investigate
hierarchal data structures in educational, behavioural, health, and social sciences …

Large-scale data collection has enabled social scientists to examine psychological
constructs at broad, regional levels. However, because constructs and their measures …

Authors in this study argued that research most often examined how school principals
approached distributed leadership, but few studies were focused on how teachers perceived …

Purpose The gender composition of teams remains an important yet complex element in
unlocking the success of collaboration and performance in the metaverse. In this study, the …

This article shows how the concept of reliability of composite scores, as defined in classical
test theory, can be extended to the context of multilevel modeling. In particular, it discusses …

This study examined the relations between teacher-reported classroom management self-
efficacy, student-reported teaching quality and students' enjoyment in mathematics. Data …

In an international context, teaching quality is often assessed via student surveys. Yet, there
is little empirical evidence for the validity of students' perceptions of teaching quality across …