Cognitive control, the ability to voluntarily guide our behavior, continues to improve
throughout adolescence. Below we review the literature on age-related changes in brain …

The concept of “inhibition” is widely used in synaptic, circuit, and systems neuroscience,
where it has a clear meaning because it is clearly observable. The concept is also …

Control regions in the brain are thought to provide signals that configure the brain's moment-
to-moment information processing. Previously, we identified regions that carried signals …

Recent advances in brain connectivity methods have made it possible to identify hubs—the
brain's most globally connected regions. Such regions are essential for coordinating brain …

Research on executive function (EF) is directed at understanding the conscious control of
thought and action. Although EF can be understood as a domain-general construct at the …

Higher-level cognition depends on the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC), but its functional
organization has remained elusive. An influential proposal is that the LPFC is organized …

Although informed by cybernetic theory (Weiner, 1948) and hierarchical models of action
control (eg, Miller, Galanter, and Pribram, 1960), the construct of executive function (EF) has …

The lateral prefrontal cortex is critically involved in broad aspects of executive behavioral
control. Early studies emphasized its role in the short-term retention of information retrieved …

Adolescence is the transition period that prepares individuals for fulfilling their role as adults.
Most conspicuous in this transition period is the peak level of risk-taking behaviors that …

Recent work has given rise to the view that reward-based decision making is governed by
two key controllers: a habit system, which stores stimulus–response associations shaped by …