The activation and expansion of naïve T cells require costimulatory signals provided by
CD28 and TNF family members. In contrast, for many years it was believed that memory T …

Simple Summary Immune-based treatment strategies, which include immune checkpoint
inhibition, have recently become a new frontier for the treatment of B-cell-derived lymphoma …

Benzalacetophenones, precursors of flavonoids are aromatic ketones and enones and
possess the immunostimulant as well as antiviral activities. Thus, benzalacetophenones …

Midlobular hepatocytes are proposed to be the most plastic hepatic cell, providing a
reservoir for hepatocyte proliferation during homeostasis and regeneration. However, other …

Memory CD8+ T cell responses have been considered to be independent of CD80/CD86-
CD28 costimulation. However, recall responses are often severely blunted in CD28−/− mice …

B cell responses are regulated by Ag recognition, costimulatory signals provided by
interaction with helper T cells, and by innate signals. We recently provided evidence for a …

Costimulation signals have been recognized as critical for optimal T-cell responses and
result from important interactions between receptors on the surface of T cells and their …

Recently, combining immunotherapy and chemotherapy has become a promising strategy to
treat cancer. However, this therapeutic strategy still has its limitations because of the …

CD28 and CTLA-4 are prototypal co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory cell surface signaling
molecules interacting with CD80/86, known to be critical for immune response initiation and …

The duration of anti-yellow fever (YF) virus immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies following YF
vaccination is unknown, making it difficult to interpret positive IgM antibody results in …