During recent years, the biotic ligand model (BLM) has been proposed as a tool to evaluate
quantitatively the manner in which water chemistry affects the speciation and biological …

The biotic ligand model (BLM) is a mechanistic approach that greatly improves our ability to
generate site-specific ambient water quality criteria (AWQC) for metals in the natural …

EPA recognized that metals present unique risk assessment issues, and saw the need to
develop a framework document that puts forth key scientific principles for metals risk …

According to previous studies, Microcystis aeruginosa, a picocyanobacteria, is more
sensitive to copper than the other phytoplanktonic species such as Chlorella vulgaris a …

Environmental Context. The chemical speciation of trace metals greatly influences their
biological effects. Nonetheless, no clear consensus currently exists as to when metal …

Since the early 2000s, biotic ligand models and related constructs have been a dominant
paradigm for risk assessment of aqueous metals in the environment. We critically review 1) …

An extension of the simultaneously extracted metals/acid‐volatile sulfide (SEM/AVS)
procedure is presented that predicts the acute and chronic sediment metals effects …

Ecological risk assessment (ERA) of inorganic metals and metalloids (metals) must be
specific to these substances and cannot be generic because most metals are naturally …

In this paper, some of the main processes and parameters which affect metal bioavailability
and toxicity in the aquatic environment and its implications for metal risk assessment …

The biotic ligand model (BLM) is a numerical approach that couples chemical speciation
calculations with toxicological information to predict the toxicity of aquatic metals. This …