Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder in which gastrointestinal
symptoms may appear prior to motor symptoms. The gut microbiota of patients with …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by selective loss of
dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) region of the midbrain …

Background Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the dorsolateral prefrontal
cortex (DLPFC) hypothetically modulates cognitive functions by facilitating or inhibiting …

Parkinson's disease is characterized by bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor. These symptoms
have been related to an increased gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) ergic inhibitory drive …

Polyphenols, which are naturally occurring bioactive compounds in fruits and vegetables,
are emerging as potential therapeutics for neurological disorders such as Parkinson's …

Spectral editing allows direct measurement of low-concentration metabolites, such as GABA,
glutathione (GSH) and lactate (Lac), relevant for understanding brain (patho) physiology …

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays a crucial role in the central nervous system as an
inhibitory neurotransmitter. Imbalances of this neurotransmitter are associated with …

Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by Lewy body and neurite pathology
associated with dopamine terminal dysfunction. Clinically, it is associated with motor …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by both motor and nonmotor deficits. Among
cardinal symptoms of this disorder, tremor is the least responsive to dopamine replacement …

Emerging evidence from both clinical studies and animal models indicates the importance of
the interaction between the gut microbiome and the brain in the pathogenesis of …