The notion that the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) can have more than
one stable equilibrium emerged in the 1980s as a powerful hypothesis to explain rapid …

Over the past 3.5 million years, there have been several intervals when climate conditions
were warmer than during the pre-industrial Holocene. Although past intervals of warming …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

This Report responds to the invitation for IPCC?... to provide a Special Report in 2018 on the
impacts of global warming of 1.5° C above pre-industrial levels and related global …

We use numerical climate simulations, paleoclimate data, and modern observations to study
the effect of growing ice melt from Antarctica and Greenland. Meltwater tends to stabilize the …

Polar temperatures over the last several million years have, at times, been slightly warmer
than today, yet global mean sea level has been 6–9 metres higher as recently as the Last …

Interglacials, including the present (Holocene) period, are warm, low land ice extent (high
sea level), end‐members of glacial cycles. Based on a sea level definition, we identify …

Abrupt cooling is observed at the end of interglacials in many paleoclimate records, but the
mechanism responsible remains unclear. Using model simulations, we demonstrate that …

Abstract The Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) is out of equilibrium with the current anthropogenic‐
enhanced climate forcing. Paleoenvironmental records and ice sheet models reveal that the …

Intermediate glacial states were characterized by large temperature changes in Greenland
and the North Atlantic, referred to as Dansgaard–Oeschger (D–O) variability, with some …