Bone, cartilage, and soft tissue regeneration is a complex spatiotemporal process recruiting
a variety of cell types, whose activity and interplay must be precisely mediated for effective …

With all the advances in tissue engineering for construction of fully functional skin tissue,
complete regeneration of chronic wounds is still challenging. Since immune reaction to the …

Macrophages are highly heterogeneous and exhibit a diversity of functions and phenotypes.
They can be divided into pro‐inflammatory macrophages (M1) and anti‐inflammatory …

Diabetic wound treatment faces significant challenges in clinical settings. Alternative
treatment approaches are needed. Continuous bleeding, disordered inflammatory …

All implanted biomaterials are targets of the host's immune system. While the host
inflammatory response was once considered a detrimental force to be blunted or avoided, in …

Proper immune responses are critical for successful biomaterial implantation. Here, four
scales of honeycomb-like TiO2 structures were custom made on titanium (Ti) substrates to …

The reconstruction of large cranial bone defects by bioactive materials without exogenous
cells or growth factors remains a substantial clinical challenge. Here, synthetic fibrous …

Macrophages are a highly heterogeneous and plastic population of cells that are crucial for
tissue repair and regeneration. This has made macrophages a particularly attractive target …

Human immune system acts as a pivotal role in the tissue homeostasis and disease
progression. Immunomodulatory biomaterials that can manipulate innate immunity and …

Macrophage immunotherapy is an emerging treatment strategy that modulates the immune
system to promote wound healing. The functionality and regeneration of tissue depend on …