Regulatory B cells (Bregs) is a term that encompasses all B cells that act to suppress
immune responses. Bregs contribute to the maintenance of tolerance, limiting ongoing …

Lung transplantation is the optimal treatment for selected patients with end-stage chronic
lung diseases. However, chronic lung allograft dysfunction remains the leading obstacle to …

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is the most common form of CLAD and is
characterized by airflow limitation and an obstructive spirometric pattern without high …

T and B cells are key components of the adaptive immune system. Through their immune
properties and their interactions with other immune cells and cytokines around them, they …

Activation of CD4 T cells by B cells has been extensively studied, but B cell-regulated
priming, proliferation, and survival of CD8 T cells remains controversial. B cells express high …

Background Long-term outcomes of lung transplantation (LTx) remain hampered by chronic
lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) is a secretory …

Maintenance of long-term lung allograft health in lung transplant recipients (LTRs) requires
a fine balancing act between providing sufficient immunosuppression to reduce the risk of …

Lymphocytes constitute an essential and potent effector compartment of the immune system.
Therefore, their development and functions must be strictly regulated to avoid inappropriate …

Background Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is the leading cause of poor long-
term survival after lung transplantation (LT). Systems prediction of Chronic Lung Allograft …

Regulatory B cells (Breg) modulate the immune response in diverse disease settings
including transplantation. Despite the lack of a specific phenotypic marker or transcription …