The global scale-up of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy (ART) has led to dramatic reductions in
HIV-1 mortality and incidence. However, HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) poses a potential …

Abstract HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env), which consists of trimeric (gp160) 3 cleaved to
(gp120 and gp41) 3, interacts with the primary receptor CD4 and a coreceptor (such as …

The HIV co-receptors, CCR5 and CXCR4, are necessary for HIV entry into target cells,
interacting with the HIV envelope protein, gp120, to initiate several signaling cascades …

Abstract The World Health Organization (WHO) introduced “Coronavirus disease 19” or
“COVID-19” as a novel coronavirus in March 2020. Severe acute respiratory syndrome …

Background In vitro selection experiments identified viruses resistant to integrase strand
transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) carrying mutations in the G-tract (six guanosines) of the 3 …

ABSTRACT HIV-1 requires the CD4 receptor and a coreceptor (CCR5 [R5 phenotype] or
CXCR4 [X4 phenotype]) to enter cells. Coreceptor tropism can be assessed by either …

Drugs targeting the fusion process of viral entry into host cells have been approved for
clinical use in the treatment of AIDS. There remains a great need to improve the use of …

Introduction: It is essential to discover and develop small-molecule HIV-1 entry inhibitors
with suitable pharmaceutical properties. Areas covered: We review the development of small …

Molecular interaction networks are routinely used to map the organization of cellular
function. Edges represent interactions between genes, proteins, or metabolites. However, in …

The envelope glycoproteins (Envs) of HIV-1 continuously evolve in the host by random
mutations and recombination events. The resulting diversity of Env variants circulating in the …