Global climate change and anthropological activities have led to a decline in insect
pollinators worldwide. Agricultural globalisation and intensification have also removed crops …

Buzz pollination, a type of interaction in which bees use vibrations to extract pollen from
certain kinds of flowers, captures a close relationship between thousands of bee and plant …

Evolutionary shifts from bee to vertebrate pollination are common in tropical mountains.
Reduction in bee pollination efficiency under adverse montane weather conditions was …

The widespread evolution of tube-like anthers releasing pollen from apical pores is
associated with buzz pollination, in which bees vibrate flowers to remove pollen. The …

In buzz-pollinated plants, bees apply thoracic vibrations to the flower, causing pollen release
from anthers, often through apical pores. Bees grasp one or more anthers with their …

Floral structures, such as stamen appendages, play crucial roles in pollinator attraction,
pollen release dynamics and, ultimately, the reproductive success of plants. The pollen …

Environmental influences and differential growth subject plants to mechanical forces. Forces
on the whole plant resolve into tensile forces on its primary cell walls and both tensile and …

Heteranthery, the presence of distinct stamen types within a flower, is commonly explained
as functional adaptation to alleviate the “pollen dilemma,” defined as the dual and conflicting …

During buzz pollination, bees use vibrations to remove pollen from flowers. Vibrations at the
natural frequency of pollen-carrying stamens are amplified through resonance, resulting in …

Nutrient addition can affect plant fitness by altering resource allocation to reproduction or
modifying floral traits. Alterations in floral attributes, particularly in species that exhibit …