With the nucleus as an exception, mitochondria are the only animal cell organelles
containing their own genetic information, called mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). During oocyte …

Myocardial ischemia is a disease with high morbidity and mortality, for which reperfusion is
currently the standard intervention. However, the reperfusion may lead to further myocardial …

Abstract Purpose of Review Atherosclerosis is now considered a chronic inflammatory
disease. Oxidative stress induced by generation of excess reactive oxygen species has …

Mitochondria are recognized as one of the most important targets for new drug design in
cancer, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. Currently, the most effective way to …

Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is central to the pathology of major cardiovascular diseases,
such as stroke and myocardial infarction. IR injury is mediated by several factors including …

Thermogenesis by brown and beige adipose tissue, which requires activation by external
stimuli, can counter metabolic disease. Thermogenic respiration is initiated by adipocyte …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are byproducts of aerobic respiration and signaling
molecules that control various cellular functions. Nrf2 governs the gene expression of …

Tumor cells harbor genetic alterations that promote a continuous and elevated production of
reactive oxygen species. Whereas such oxidative stress conditions would be harmful to …

Vascular disease and heart failure impart an enormous burden in terms of global morbidity
and mortality. Although there are many different causes of cardiac and vascular disease …

Globally, diabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal
disease, which are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease and death. Despite this …