This review of the potential of robust plasma facing components (PFCs) with liquid surfaces
for applications in future D/T fusion device summarizes the critical issues for liquid surfaces …

GaInSn, a eutectic alloy, has been successfully used in the Magneto-Thermofluid Research
Laboratory at the University of California-Los Angeles and at the Princeton Plasma Physics …

One of the most pressing problems of this century is to solve the energy supply problem and
in particular the development of fusion energy technology. Fusion powers the Sun and stars …

Although the use of solid materials as targets of divertor plasmas in magnetic fusion
research is accepted as the standard solution for the very challenging issue of power and …

The use of liquid metals (LMs) as plasma facing components in fusion devices was
proposed as early as 1970 for a field reversed concept and inertial fusion reactors. The idea …

The use of lithium (Li) or tin (Sn) as a liquid metal plasma facing component is proposed as
a solution to the high power load issue on the divertor region of nuclear fusion reactors. The …

The high power loads impinging on the first wall and particularly the divertor of fusion
reactors is a decisive factor to the success of nuclear fusion. An alternative to solid plasma …

Metals or alloys that are liquid at or near room temperature are of interest of the scientific
community due to the versatility of their applications. Considering the nuclear fusion energy …

A laboratory-scale inductively coupled plasma apparatus investigated the behavior of liquid
Sn–Bi–Li–Er alloy (SBLE) under hydrogen (H 2) plasma exposure. By exposing the liquid …

Understanding surface instability in magnetized fusion plasma supports the appropriate
implementation and handling of liquid metal as plasma facing components (PFCs) in future …