Currently, metformin is the first-line medication to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in
most guidelines and is used daily by> 200 million patients. Surprisingly, the mechanisms …

Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are characterized by excessive and
uncontrolled inflammation and thrombosis, both of which are responsible for organ damage …

Metformin is a biguanide drug widely used as the initial treatment of type 2 diabetes. Despite
its widespread use, its precise mechanisms of action remain incompletely characterised. Its …

The progression through different steps of T-cell development, activation, and effector
function is tightly bound to specific cellular metabolic processes. Previous studies …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by defective
regulatory T (Treg) cells. Here, we demonstrate that a T cell–specific deletion of …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disease characterized by dysregulation and
hyperreactivity of the immune response at various levels, including hyperactivation of …

B cells are central to the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune diseases, through antigen
presentation, cytokine secretion, and the production of autoantibodies. During development …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) often features extensive cardiovascular (CV)
comorbidity and patients with SLE are at significantly increased risk of CV event occurrence …

Objective Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors have been identified profound
renal/cardiac protective effects in different diseases. Here, we assessed the safety and …

Metformin is the first-line antidiabetic drug that is widely used in the treatment of type 2
diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Even though the various therapeutic potential of metformin …