Escherichia coli is a commensal of the vertebrate gut that is increasingly involved in various
intestinal and extra-intestinal infections as an opportunistic pathogen. Numerous pathotypes …

Herein we summarize important discoveries made over many years about Leydig cell
function and regulation. Fetal Leydig cells produce the high levels of androgen (testosterone …

EnteroBase is an integrated software environment that supports the identification of global
population structures within several bacterial genera that include pathogens. Here, we …

A fundamental question in microbiology is whether there is continuum of genetic diversity
among genomes, or clear species boundaries prevail instead. Whole-genome similarity …

A recent paper by Martiny argues that “high proportions” of bacteria in diverse Earth
environments have been cultured. Here we reanalyze a portion of the data in that paper, and …

Escherichia coli is classified as a rod‐shaped, Gram‐negative bacterium in the family
Enterobacteriaceae. The bacterium mainly inhabits the lower intestinal tract of warm …

The genus Escherichia is composed of Escherichia albertii, E. fergusonii, five cryptic
Escherichia clades and E. coli sensu stricto. Furthermore, the E. coli species can be divided …

Microglial phagocytosis is an energetically demanding process that plays a critical role in
the removal of toxic protein aggregates in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent evidence …

Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory response in the brain and spinal cord, which can
involve the activation of microglia and astrocytes. It is a common feature of many central …

There is extensive genetic substructure within the species E scherichia coli. In 2000 a simple
triplex PCR method was described by C lermont and colleagues that enables an E. coli …