Background Within the past two decades, Ethiopia has achieved one of the fastest
reductions of open defecation worldwide. This change can be attributed to the …

Ecological sanitation (Ecosan) technology was introduced to improve sanitation through the
reuse of excreta resources, particularly in developing countries. However, the adoption of …

Background: According to available studies, 12%-20% of reported foodborne outbreaks start
in the household. It is projected that 1 out of every 10 persons will become ill as a result of …

This study investigates the demographic, social and economic factors as key determinants of
green toilet adoption among rural households in India. The Rural Impact Survey data of the …

Background 3 billion people lack proper home hand hygiene facilities globally. Of these, 1.4
billion (18%) lack soap or water, while 1.6 billion (22%) have neither. This analysis explores …

This article examines the social valuation of the external environment used for open
defecation (OD). For this, we distinguish between the necessity-driven OD hypothesis that …

The main purpose of the study was to deepen the understanding of gender and social
inclusion in the context of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) in the Oromia region of …

Background: Improved sanitation facilities offer numerous advantages, ranging from the
reduction of diarrheal illnesses and helminth infections to the improvement of psychosocial …

Water security as a concept recognizes the profound connections between the physical and
social aspects of water. Yet, water security research features limited perspectives from two …

Background: Sanitation facilities are critical for interrupting the transmission of feco-oral
disease through proper use, not simply their physical presence. Latrine utilization is the …