Despite vast improvements in global vaccination coverage during the last decade, there is a
growing trend in vaccine hesitancy and/or refusal globally. This has implications for the …

INTRODUCTION As the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
pandemic continues, the deployment of safe and effective vaccines presents a key …

INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed massive public health burdens and
economic costs, with more than 220 million confirmed cases and more than 4.5 million …

Influenza virus infections are common in people of all ages. Epidemics occur in the winter
months in temperate locations and at varying times of the year in subtropical and tropical …

The COVID-19 pandemic has remarkably heightened concerns regarding the prediction of
communicable disease spread. This study introduces an innovative agent-based modeling …

The limited supply of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) raises the question of targeted vaccination. Many countries have opted to …

Pathogen adaptation to public health interventions such as vaccination may take tortuous
routes and involve multiple mutations at different locations in the pathogen genome, acting …

The prospect of universal influenza vaccines is generating much interest and research at the
intersection of immunology, epidemiology, and viral evolution. While the current focus is on …

At the centenary of the 1918 influenza pandemic that took upward of 100 million lives within
1 year [1], the world remains unprepared to prevent a similar catastrophic event from …

Seasonal influenza A viruses of humans evolve rapidly due to strong selection pressures
from host immune responses, principally on the hemagglutinin (HA) viral surface protein …