Orofacial clefts (OFCs) rank as the second most common congenital birth defect in the
United States after Down syndrome and are the most common head and neck congenital …

Background There has been a longstanding debate about the role of folate in the etiology of
orofacial clefts (OFCs). Studies of different measures of nutritional intake or folate status …

Objectives A systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the association between
active maternal smoking and cleft lip and palate etiology. Data sources Medline, Embase …

Methods: Eligible articles were identified by searching databases, including PubMed,
Medline, Scopus, ISI (Web of Knowledge) to September 2017. A meta-analysis was …

Considering that environmental risk factors substantially contribute to the etiology of
orofacial clefts and that knowledge about the characteristics and comorbidities associated …

Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that
could impact an individual's health; moreover, the World Health Organization (WHO) has …

Introduction Prevalence of planned pregnancies varies between countries but is often
measured in a dichotomous manner. The aim of this study was to investigate to what level …

Background Although published individual studies have reported associations between
BMP4 rs17563 polymorphism and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate …

Objective: Estimate the population attributable fraction (PAF) for a set of recognized risk
factors for orofacial clefts. Design: We used data from the National Birth Defects Prevention …

Background The etiology of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P), a common congenital
birth defect, is complex and involves the contribution of genetic and environmental factors …