Emotional experiences can profoundly impact our conceptual model of the world, modifying
how we represent and remember a host of information even indirectly associated with that …

Stress can powerfully influence the way we form memories, particularly the extent to which
they are integrated or situated within an underlying spatiotemporal and broader knowledge …

The field of associative learning theory was forever changed by the contributions of Robert
A. Rescorla. He created an organizational structure that gave us a framework for thinking …

Memories are dynamic constructs whose properties change with time and experience. The
biological mechanisms underpinning these dynamics remain elusive, particularly …

A first-order association can be formed between toxin-induced nausea and a context, as well
as nausea and a taste cue. However, comparatively little is understood about second-order …

The systemic bio-organization of humans and other mammals is essentially
“preprogrammed”, and the basic interacting units, the cells, can be crudely mapped into …

Emotional experiences can profoundly impact our conceptual model of the world, modifying
how we represent and remember a host of information even indirectly associated with that …

A key function of brain systems mediating emotion is to learn to anticipate unpleasant
experiences based on predictive sensory cues in the environment. While organisms readily …

Learning to associate cues, both directly and indirectly, with biologically significant events is
essential for survival. Second-order conditioning (SOC) involves forming an association …

The development of innovativeness affects the modernization of higher education, in
particular, technical in the context of STEM education. It was noted that the modernization of …