Most chloroplast proteins are encoded in the nucleus and synthesized on free, cytosolic
ribosomes in precursor form. Each precursor has an amino‐terminal extension called a …

Chloroplasts are organelles of endosymbiotic origin, and they transferred most of their
genetic information to the host nucleus during this process. They therefore have to import …

New textbooks at all levels of chemistry appear with great regularity. Some fields like basic
biochemistry, organic reaction mechanisms, and chemical thermody namics are well …

The light-harvesting complexes form the photosynthetic apparatus found in most
photosynthetic organisms including cyanobacteria, red algae, diatoms and dinoflagellates …

Components of the protein import machinery of the chloroplast were isolated by a procedure
in which the import machinery was engaged in vitro with a tagged import substrate under …

Most mitochondrial proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins on cytosofic polysomes
and are subsequently imported into mitochondria. Many precursors carry amino-terminal …

Two components of the chloroplast envelope, Tic20 and Tic22, were previously identified as
candidates for components of the general protein import machinery by their ability to …

Two of four proteins that associated with translocation intermediates during protein import
across the outer chloroplast envelope membrane were identified as guanosine triphosphate …

Cytoplasmically synthesized precursors interact with translocation components in both the
outer and inner envelope membranes during transport into chloroplasts. Using co …

Cytosolically synthesized thylakoid proteins must be translocated across the chloroplast
envelope membranes, traverse the stroma, and then be translocated into or across the …