Over the modern satellite era, substantial climatic changes have been observed in the
Antarctic, including atmospheric and oceanic warming, ice sheet thinning and a general …

Following years of record highs, an unexpected and precipitous reduction in Antarctic sea-
ice extent started in 2016. This decline, lasting three years, was the most pronounced of the …

Abstract In February 2023, Antarctic sea ice set a record minimum; there have now been
three record-breaking low sea ice summers in seven years. Following the summer minimum …

Abstract The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is the leading mode of extratropical Southern
Hemisphere climate variability, associated with changes in the strength and position of the …

Abstract Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) is pivotal for oceanic heat and carbon
sequestrations on multidecadal to millennial timescales. The Weddell Sea contributes nearly …

Fully coupled climate models have long shown a wide range of Antarctic sea ice states and
evolution over the satellite era. Here, we present a high‐level evaluation of Antarctic sea ice …

Abstract The Antarctic Slope Current (ASC) is a coherent circulation feature that rings the
Antarctic continental shelf and regulates the flow of water toward the Antarctic coastline. The …

We analyze the polar sea ice distribution and the global sea level pressure (SLP) and
baroclinicity distributions over the “satellite” period of 1979–2020. In the Arctic, there are …

The circulation of the Southern Ocean connects ocean basins, links the deep and shallow
layers of the ocean, and has a strong influence on global ocean circulation, climate …

Decadal trends in the properties of seawater adjacent to Antarctica are poorly known, and
the mechanisms responsible for such changes are uncertain. Antarctic ice sheet mass loss …