FM dyes have been used to label and then monitor synaptic vesicles, secretory granules
and other endocytic structures in a variety of preparations. Here, we describe the general …

Neurotransmission in the brain is unreliable, suggesting that high-frequency spike bursts
rather than individual spikes carry the neural code. For instance, cortical pyramidal neurons …

Exerting its actions pre‐, post‐and peri‐synaptically, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor
(BDNF) is one of the most potent modulators of hippocampal synaptic function. Here, we …

Dysfunctions of neuronal and network excitability have emerged as common features in
disorders associated with intellectual disabilities, autism, and seizure activity, all common …

Dendritic spines are a major substrate of brain plasticity. Although many studies have
focused on Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-mediated regulation of …

In searching for persistent seizure-induced alterations in brain function that might be
causally related to epilepsy, presynaptic transmitter release has relatively been neglected …

Recent studies using the styryl dye FM1‐43 and two‐photon microscopy to directly visualize
transmitter release at CA3–CA1 excitatory synapses in the hippocampus have demonstrated …

Connexin 43, an astroglial gap junction protein, is enriched in perisynaptic astroglial
processes and plays major roles in synaptic transmission. We have previously found that …

Over the past decade, the use and development of optical imaging techniques has
advanced our understanding of synaptic plasticity by offering the spatial and temporal …

Sulforhodamine 101 (SR101) has been extensively used for investigation as a specific
marker for astroglia in vivo and activity-dependent dye for monitoring regulated exocytosis …