Pathogenic animal trypanosomes affecting livestock have represented a major constraint to
agricultural development in Africa for centuries, and their negative economic impact is …

The central nervous system (CNS) is an immunologically specialized tissue protected by a
blood–brain barrier. The CNS parenchyma is enveloped by a series of overlapping …

Neuroinflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, are characterized by invasion of the
brain by autoreactive T cells. The mechanism for how T cells acquire their encephalitogenic …

The implications of neurogenic inflammation and neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology
of migraine have been clearly demonstrated in preclinical migraine models involving several …

Rapid progress is being made in understanding the roles of the cerebral meninges in the
maintenance of normal brain function, in immune surveillance, and as a site of disease. Most …

Parasitic diseases, such as sleeping sickness, Chagas disease and malaria, remain a major
cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, but particularly in tropical, developing countries …

Background The exact mechanisms underlying the onset of a migraine attack are not
completely understood. It is, however, now well accepted that the onset of the excruciating …

The choroid plexus (CP) of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) impacts CSF
homeostasis, brain diseases, and neuromedical translation. CP executes neuroendocrine …

Trypanosoma brucei is responsible for lethal diseases in humans and cattle in Sub-Saharan
Africa. These extracellular parasites extravasate from the blood circulation into several …

The meningeal space is a critical brain structure providing immunosurveillance for the
central nervous system (CNS), but the impact of infections on the meningeal immune …