Nitrogen (N) is the driving force for crop yields; however, excessive N application in
agriculture not only increases production cost, but also causes severe environmental …

Chloroplasts are best known for their role in photosynthesis, but they also allow nitrogen and
sulphur assimilation, amino acid, fatty acid, nucleotide and hormone synthesis. How …

Highlights•bZIPs are evolutionarily conserved eukaryotic transcription factors.•The
Arabidopsis bZIP family consists of 78 members classified into 13 groups.•bZIPs perform a …

ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), a bZIP-type transcription factor, acts as a master
regulator that regulates various physiological and biological processes in plants such as …

Abiotic stressful conditions of the environment such as soil salinity, drought, flood, heat, cold,
anaerobiosis, gaseous pollutants, radiation, and high levels of metals in the soil are major …

When exposed to warmer, nonstressful average temperatures, some plant organs grow and
develop at a faster rate without affecting their final dimensions. Other plant organs show …

INTRODUCTION Transcription factors (TFs) are often studied one by one or in clusters of a
few related factors. However, the integration and networks of transcriptional changes to …

Temperature is a major factor governing the distribution and seasonal behaviour of plants.
Being sessile, plants are highly responsive to small differences in temperature and adjust …

Land-adapted plants appeared between about 480 and 360 million years ago in the mid-
Palaeozoic era, originating from charophycean green algae. The successful adaptation to …

Light is a crucial environmental cue not only for photosynthetic energy production but also
for plant growth and development. Plants employ sophisticated methods to detect and …