Abstract Based on the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports of this thematic issue in Earth
System Dynamics and recent peer-reviewed literature, current knowledge of the effects of …

As they gain new users, climate change mitigation scenarios are playing an increasing role
in transitions to net zero. One promising practice is the analysis of scenario ensembles. Here …

This chapter assesses simulations of future global climate change, spanning time horizons
from the near term (2021–2040), mid-term (2041–2060), and long term (2081–2100) out to …

Abstract The Scenario Model Intercomparison Project (ScenarioMIP) defines and
coordinates the main set of future climate projections, based on concentration-driven …

Partitioning uncertainty in projections of future climate change into contributions from
internal variability, model response uncertainty and emissions scenarios has historically …

The enhanced warming trend and precipitation decline in the Mediterranean region make it
a climate change hotspot. We compare projections of multiple Coupled Model …

This study examines the improvement in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase Six
(CMIP6) models against the predecessor CMIP5 in simulating mean and extreme …

Human-induced climate warming by 2100 is expected to thaw large expanses of northern
permafrost peatlands. However, the spatio-temporal dynamics of permafrost peatland thaw …

Food systems are at the center of a brewing storm consisting of a rapidly changing climate,
rising hunger and malnutrition, and significant social inequities. At the same time, there are …

As the number of models in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) archives
increase from generation to generation, there is a pressing need for guidance on how to …