Climate change, rising atmospheric carbon dioxide, excess nutrient inputs, and pollution in
its many forms are fundamentally altering the chemistry of the ocean, often on a global scale …

The semi-enclosed nature of the Mediterranean Sea, together with its smaller inertia due to
the relative short residence time of its water masses, make it highly reactive to external …

This chapter addresses the biogeochemical cycles of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4),
and nitrous oxide (N2O). The three greenhouse gases have increased in the atmosphere …

We investigate the variations of the ocean CO2 sink during the past three decades using
global surface ocean maps of the partial pressure of CO2 reconstructed from observations …

Ocean ecosystems have responded and will continue to respond to climate changes of
different rates, magnitudes, and durations (virtually certain). Human societies depend on …

Sustained observations provide critically needed data and understanding not only about
ocean warming and water cycle reorganization (eg, salinity changes), ocean eutrophication …

Ocean acidification is likely to impact marine ecosystems and human societies adversely
and is a carbon cycle issue of great concern. Projecting the degree of ocean acidification …

We present a new observation‐based estimate of the global oceanic carbon dioxide (CO2)
sink and its temporal variation on a monthly basis from 1998 through 2011 and at a spatial …

The globally integrated sea–air anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2) flux from 1990 to 2009
is determined from models and data-based approaches as part of the Regional Carbon …

A globally integrated carbon observation and analysis system is needed to improve the
fundamental understanding of the global carbon cycle, to improve our ability to project future …