Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and persistence are associated with an elevated risk of
treatment failure and relapsing infections. They are thus important drivers of increased …

Increasing concerns about the rising rates of antibiotic therapy failure and advances in
single-cell analyses have inspired a surge of research into antibiotic persistence. Bacterial …

Many bacteria can infect and persist inside their hosts for long periods of time. This can be
due to immunosuppression of the host, immune evasion by the pathogen and/or ineffective …

It is generally regarded that the progression of an infection within host macrophages is the
consequence of a failed immune response. However, recent appreciation of macrophage …

Antibiotic tolerance is associated with the failure of antibiotic treatment and the relapse of
many bacterial infections. However, unlike resistance, which is commonly measured using …

BACKGROUND The escalating crisis of multidrug resistance is raising fears of untreatable
infections caused by bacterial “superbugs.” However, many patients already suffer from …

Type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are small genetic elements composed of a toxic protein
and its cognate antitoxin protein, the latter counteracting the toxicity of the former. While TA …

The alarmones guanosine tetraphosphate and guanosine pentaphosphate (collectively
referred to as (p) ppGpp) are involved in regulating growth and several different stress …

Persisters are transiently tolerant variants that allow populations to avoid eradication by
antibiotic treatment. Their antibiotic tolerance is non-genetic, not inheritable and results from …

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria through mutations or the acquisition of
genetic material such as resistance plasmids represents a major public health issue …