Background & aims In 2016, ESPEN published the guideline for Chronic Intestinal Failure
(CIF) in adults. An updated version of ESPEN guidelines on CIF due to benign disease in …

The term “short bowel syndrome (SBS)” defines “the clinical feature associated with a
remaining small bowel in continuity of less than 200 cm from the ligament of Treitz” and is …

Background High‐output double enterostomies (DESs) and enteroatmospheric fistulas
(EAFs) of the small bowel account for substantial patient morbidity and mortality …

Background & aims The importance of artificial nutritional therapy is underrecognized,
typically being considered an adjunctive rather than a primary therapy. We aimed to …

Some temporary double enterostomies (DES) or entero-atmospheric fistulas (EAF) have
high output and are responsible for Type 2 intestinal failure. Intravenous supplementations …

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a devastating disorder with both short-and long-term
implications for patients. Unfortunately, the prevalence of SBS has doubled over the past 40 …

Significance: The laparotomy is a common surgical procedure with a wide range of
indications. Ideally, once the goals of surgery were achieved, the incision edges could then …

Enteric fistula (EF), a serious complication after abdominal surgery, refers to unnatural
communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the skin or other hollow organs. It is …

The management of enterocutaneous fistulas (ECF) can be challenging because of massive
fluid loss, which can lead to electrolyte imbalance, severe dehydration, malnutrition and …

Background Low muscle mass and quality are associated with poor surgical outcomes. We
evaluated computed tomography (CT)–measured psoas muscle density as a marker of …