This article is part of a Special Issue “Parental Care”. Mother–infant bonding is a
characteristic of virtually all mammals. The maternal neural system may have provided the …

Parental care, including feeding and protection of young, is essential for the survival as well
as mental and physical well-being of the offspring. A large variety of parental behaviors has …

Parenting is essential for the survival and wellbeing of mammalian offspring. However, we
lack a circuit-level understanding of how distinct components of this behaviour are …

Of the many conceptual distinctions present in psychology today, the approach-avoidance
distinction stands out as one of, if not the, most fundamental and basic. The distinction …

A collection of 125 PHAL experiments in the rat has been analyzed to characterize the
organization of projections from each amygdalar cell group (except the nucleus of the lateral …

Parenting behavior critically shapes human infants' current and future behavior. The parent–
infant relationship provides infants with their first social experiences, forming templates of …

There is a considerable literature on the neurobiology of reward, based largely on studies of
addiction or substance abuse. This review considers the possibility that the neural circuits …

Oxytocin sets the stage for childbirth by initiating uterine contractions, lactation and maternal
bonding behaviours. Mice lacking secreted oxcytocin (Oxt−/−, Cd38−/−) or its receptor …

Studies in humans suggest that exposure to stress increases the probability of relapse to
drug use, but until recently there has been no animal model to study the mechanisms that …

The majority of the commentaries focused on excessive crying and colic and included two
major themes: the consideration of proximate physiological mechanisms, and challenges to …