The nitrogen and sulphur oxide (NO x and SO 2) emissions are causing a serious threat to
the existence of life on earth, requiring their effective removal for a sustainable future …

Steel production using coal accounts for∼ 8% of global carbon emissions.“Green Steel” is a
new grand concept proposed recently to make steel from iron ores using renewable derived …

Incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA), a by-product generated from the combustion of
dewatered sewage sludge, has been extensively studied as a secondary resource for …

This work describes a system for the co-production of syngas and direct reduced iron (DRI)
though the synergetic conversion of biomass and iron ore. Iron ore served as the oxygen …

Micron-sized iron particles are promising carbon-free fuels. Efforts have been made to
understand the combustion process of pure iron particles. However, it is not well-established …

The sustainable future of the steel industry crucially depends on the development of
economical and environmentally responsible technologies to produce low-impurity iron …

For economic utilization of low grade iron ore resource, a pilot scale study of iron ore direct
reduction by rotary kiln (ϕ1. 5 m× 15 m) was carried out. In this work, the actual furnace …

Converter sludge (CS) is a type of solid waste containing iron and poly metals that are not
thoroughly utilized yet. A novel process combining reduction roasting with waste backfill was …

Lately, an increasing number of companies invested in the hydrometallurgical process of
laterite ores. In the meantime, the research on disposal of laterite residue has come under …

The cleaning and efficient disposal of eggshell waste presents many challenges. Reduction
roasting of high-phosphorus oolitic iron ore (HPOIO) requires the addition of expensive …