Cross-national research on African electoral politics has argued that competition increases
the prospects for pre-election violence. However, there is a dearth of systematic research on …

Authoritarian elections offer a window of contestation where a democratic opposition may
increase the pressure on authoritarian regimes to implement democratic change. Pressure …

How does the strength of political-party opposition affect government-critical civil society
organisations (CSOs)'engagement with autocratic elections? The question is particularly …

Presidents have access to a range of resources unavailable to challengers, and often the
most important are derived from control of the state. This allows incumbents to build more …

There is an enduring discussion in the literature on why African opposition parties often fail
to unite to fight the incumbent from a position of strength. Much of the extant studies have …

Current literature finds that democratization is most likely when opposition social movements
have initiated a political transition. Yet little work has disaggregated bottom-up transitions to …

This dissertation seeks to understand what role opposition parties play in a hybrid regime,
focusing on sub-Saharan Africa. Opposition parties can curtail incumbents' control over the …

Since the liberation struggle brought independence in 1980, government strategies of
authoritarian control have been harsh and effective, with democracy scores in Zimbabwe …

The increasing number of opposition turnovers in Africa—in Kenya, Senegal, Nigeria, and
The Gambia among others—has prompted growing interest in research into party coalitions …