This paper aims to discuss the recent development in rock hardness testing methods and
their applications in rock engineering and geological studies. Hardness is one of the …

The oolitic limestone blocks on the buildings of Budapest show extensive crust formation,
which is related to atmospheric pollution and continental climate. Crusts can be grouped …

Building stones have long been one of the most widely used construction materials in the
world. Building stones used in historical monuments are deteriorated partly or completely …

This paper demonstrates the application of in situ diagnostic tools to document stone
heritage sites prior to conservation interventions using a Medieval ruin of Central Europe …

The travertine buildings of Budapest show extensive black crust formation, which is related
to high concentration of atmospheric pollution and a continental climate. Laminar black …

In Budapest damage due to atmospheric pollution on many public buildings is severe. Black
encrustations, white crusts and other decay features of a soft oolitic limestone have been …

Non-destructive techniques have always been used in the study of built cultural heritage
because of the high cultural value of the concerned objects and the need to preserve them …

Earthquakes, soil settlements, traffic vibrations, and air pollution are some of the actions that
can affect historic old buildings. Besides these, the lack of continuous maintenance puts a …

The geology of the central part of Ethiopia exhibits a variety of rock types that can potentially
be developed for construction stone production, of which the most wide spread and …

Conserving historical heritage sites is fundamental for preserving cultural identity. Effective
interventions require building damage to be pre-detected. Because stone masonry is one of …