Background Predicting when and where pathogens will emerge is difficult, yet, as shown by
the recent Ebola and Zika epidemics, effective and timely responses are key. It is therefore …

Several studies have surveyed the literature of mathematical modelling of the Ebola virus
disease (EVD). However, most of these reviews did not report any work published after …

Epidemic risk has great uncertainty and harmfulness, which poses a potential threat to
public health in a certain region. Establishing a special risk assessment system to assess …

When an infectious disease outbreak is detected or suspected, a healthcare facility's
infection control personnel should be notified and an outbreak control team formed that is …

Ebola and COVID-19 are textbook emerging diseases influenced by humans. Ebola is often
considered a result of exotic nature threatening health. Conversely, COVID-19, emerged in …

Due to the on-going global COVID-19 pandemic, there is a growing concern regarding its
potential impacts on economies. With restrictions on entry and movements imposed by most …

Empirical data on contact patterns can inform dynamic models of infectious disease
transmission. Such information has not been widely reported from Pacific islands, nor …

Background From 2013 to 2017, more than one thousand avian influenza A (H7N9)
confirmed cases with hundreds of deaths were reported in mainland China. To identify …

Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are infections with increasing incidence and spread
with a threat to increase in the near future. New EIDs have evolved at an alarming rate in …

Cruise ships transfer diverse populations between different countries, offering unique travel
experiences to thousands of people worldwide. The benefits of cruises in tourism and …