Inhibitory Smads (I-Smads) have conserved carboxy-terminal MH2 domains but highly
divergent amino-terminal regions when compared with receptor-regulated Smads (R …

The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family of ligands elicit their biological effects by
initiating new programs of gene expression. The best understood signal transducers for …

Senescence, a persistent form of cell-cycle arrest, is often associated with a diverse
secretome, which provides complex functionality for senescent cells within the tissue …

Smad transcription factors are central to the signal transduction pathway that mediates the
numerous effects of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily of cytokines in …

The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family of growth factors control the development
and homeostasis of most tissues in metazoan organisms. Work over the past few years has …

The recent identification of the SMAD family of signal transducer proteins has unravelled the
mechanisms by which transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signals from the cell membrane …

Smad transcription factors lie at the core of one of the most versatile cytokine signaling
pathways in metazoan biology—the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) pathway. Recent …

The deployment of a cell's genetic program in a multicellular organism must be tightly
controlled for the sake of the organism as a whole. Over the past 20 years the transforming …

Smad proteins play a key role in the intracellular signalling of transforming growth factor β
(TGFβ), which elicits a large variety of cellular responses. Upon TGFβ receptor activation …

Activation of the canonical TGF-β signaling pathway provides growth inhibitory signals in the
normal intestinal epithelium. Colorectal cancers (CRCs) frequently harbor somatic mutations …