NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are glutamate-gated ion channels and are crucial for neuronal
communication. NMDARs form tetrameric complexes that consist of several homologous …

Beyond their well-established role as triggers for LTP and LTD of fast synaptic transmission
mediated by AMPA receptors, an expanding body of evidence indicates that NMDA …

Based on recent molecular genetics, as well as functional and quantitative anatomical
studies, the basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic projections, once viewed as a diffuse system …

Highlights•Acetylcholine, noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin all facilitate long-term
synaptic plasticity.•Neuromodulators facilitate long-term synaptic plasticity by common and …

Background Clinical studies report that scopolamine, an acetylcholine muscarinic receptor
antagonist, produces rapid antidepressant effects in depressed patients, but the …

NMDA receptors (NMDARs) play an important role in neural plasticity including long-term
potentiation and long-term depression, which are likely to explain their importance for …

The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is
involved in many cellular processes, including cell growth and differentiation, immune …

Cholinergic septohippocampal projections from the medial septal area to the hippocampus
are proposed to have important roles in cognition by modulating properties of the …

Muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors (mAChRs and nAChRs) are
emerging as important targets for the development of novel treatments for the symptoms …

NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs) are currently regarded as paramount in the
potent and selective disruption of synaptic plasticity by Alzheimer's disease amyloid β …