Despite major achievements in child survival, the burden of neonatal mortality has remained
high and even increased in some countries since 1990. Currently, most neonatal deaths are …

The assembly of microbial communities within the gastrointestinal tract during early life plays
a critical role in immune, endocrine, metabolic, and other host developmental pathways …

Objective: To systematically analyze the relationship between maternal anemia and low
birth weight. Methods: A search of studies was conducted in the main databases (Medline …

Background The significance of sanitation to safeguard human health is irrefutable and has
important public health dimensions. Access to sanitation has been essential for human …

India's urban slums exhibit dramatic variation in their access to local public goods and
services-paved roads, piped water, trash removal, sewers, and streetlights. Why are some …

Background Research suggests that the lived experience of inadequate sanitation may
contribute to poor health outcomes above and beyond pathogen exposure, particularly …

Objective To investigate the association between maternal anemia and low/insufficient birth
weight. Design A prospective cohort study of pregnant women who underwent prenatal care …

In 2015 there were 965 million people in the world forced to practise open defecation (OD).
The adverse health effects of OD are many: acute effects include infectious intestinal …

Physical height is an important measure of human capital. However, differences in average
height across developing countries are poorly explained by economic differences. Children …

Background Preterm birth and low birth weight (LBW) affect one in ten and one in seven
livebirths, respectively, primarily in low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC) and are …