On 12 August 2021, Hakainde Hichilema of the opposition United Party for National
Development (UPND) was electedZambia's seventh presidentin a landslide. The defeat of …

Prior research determines whether politicians at rallies make programmatic, clientelist or
personalist appeals. We argue that this reductive approach obscures the variety of meaning …

Zambia experienced an episode of distinct democratic backsliding between 2011 and 2021.
Autocratisation resulted from the deliberate use of legal mechanisms to enhance executive …

The conventional view of Africa's political parties holds that they are organizationally weak,
with little presence at the grass roots. Yet, few studies are based on systematically collected …

I ask where African opposition parties organize. Party-building is communicative; it involves
persuading people to become activists. The literature suggests that opposition parties …

ABSTRACT President Edgar Lungu and the Patriotic Front used a range of incumbency
advantages to tilt the playing field in their favour in the run-up to Zambia's 2021 elections …

Most Africanist scholars stress the importance of clientelism in determining electoral
outcomes and patrimonialism and the use of force in enabling ruling parties to prolong their …

This article analyses Afrobarometer survey data to understand popular attitudes toward the
economy of Zambia amongst residents in the ruling party strongholds. The Patriotic Front …

Presidents have access to a range of resources unavailable to challengers, and often the
most important are derived from control of the state. This allows incumbents to build more …

Following a peaceful transfer of power from the one-party government of the United National
Independence Party (UNIP) in the 1991 multiparty election …