Transient regulation of gel properties by chemical reaction networks (CRNs) represents an
emerging and effective strategy to program or temporally control the structures, properties …

Covalent polymers are versatile macromolecules that have found widespread use in society.
Contemporary methods of polymerization have made it possible to construct sequence …

In biology, cells regulate the function of molecules using catalytic reaction cycles that convert
reagents with high chemical potential (fuel) to waste molecules. Inspired by biology …

In living organisms, precise control over the spatial and temporal distribution of molecules,
including pheromones, is crucial. This level of control is equally important for the …

A Fe3+-ion cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose, Fe3+-CMC, redox-active gel exhibiting
dissipative, transient stiffness properties is introduced. Chemical or photosensitized …

Living systems use dissipative processes to enable precise spatiotemporal control over
various functions, including the transient modulation of the stiffness of tissues, which …

Biochemical systems make use of out‐of‐equilibrium polymers generated under kinetic
control. Inspired by these systems, many abiotic supramolecular polymers driven by …

Hypothesis Dissipative assembly of colloids involves using a chemical fuel to temporarily
activate organic colloid surface ligands to an assembly prone state. Colloids assemble into …

Nonequilibrium assembling systems developed so far have relied on chemical fuels to drive
the programmable pH cycles, redox reactions, and metastable bond formations. However …

Hydrogels have emerged as a promising class of extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking
materials in regenerative medicine. Here, we briefly describe current state-of-the-art of ECM …