The ever-increasing demands for clean and sustainable energy sources combined with
rapid advances in biointegrated portable or implantable electronic devices have stimulated …

Implantable energy harvesters (IEHs) are the crucial component for self-powered devices.
By harvesting energy from organisms such as heartbeat, respiration, and chemical energy …

From every heartbeat to every footstep, human beings dissipate energy all the time.
Researchers are trying to harvest energy from the human body and convert it into electricity …

The sustainable operation of implanted medical devices is essential for healthcare
applications. However, limited battery capacity is a key challenge for most implantable …

Sensors enable the detection of physiological indicators and pathological markers to assist
in the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term monitoring of diseases, in addition to playing an …

Wireless power transfer can significantly extend the application range and service life of
implantable medical devices, such as pacemakers, neurostimulators, and vascular …

Biomachine hybrid robots have been proposed for important scenarios, such as wilderness
rescue, ecological monitoring, and hazardous area surveying. The energy supply unit used …

Biofuel cells (BFCs) are energy conversion devices using biocatalysts to convert
biochemical energy into electric energy. According to different catalysts, they can be divided …

In the past several years, biological fuel cells (BFCs) have become an explorable
technology that attained the status of current research activities amongst researchers …

The past ten years have seen the rapid expansion of the field of biohybrid robotics. By
combining engineered, synthetic components with living biological materials, new robotics …