In their seminal 1983 paper, Gans and Northcutt proposed that evolution of the vertebrate
'new head'was made possible by the advent of the neural crest and cranial placodes. The …

Although microRNAs (miRNAs) are among the most intensively studied molecules of the
past 20 years, determining what is and what is not a miRNA has not been straightforward …

Ancient polyploidization events have had a lasting impact on vertebrate genome structure,
organization and function. Some key questions regarding the number of ancient …

We describe an update of MirGeneDB, the manually curated microRNA gene database.
Adhering to uniform and consistent criteria for microRNA annotation and nomenclature, we …

Oxytocin (OXT; hereafter OT) and arginine vasopressin or vasotocin (AVP or VT; hereafter
VT) are neurotransmitter ligands that function through specific receptors to control diverse …

In the past decade, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been uncovered as key regulators of gene
expression at the post-transcriptional level. The ancient origin of miRNAs, their dramatic …

Dating the tree of life is a core endeavor in evolutionary biology. Rates of evolution are
fundamental to nearly every evolutionary model and process. Rates need dates. There is …

Evidence is reviewed from a wide range of studies relevant to the evolution of vertebrate
photoreceptors and phototransduction, in order to permit the synthesis of a scenario for the …

Vertebrate palaeontology is a lively field, with new discoveries reported every week... and
not only dinosaurs! This new edition reflects the international scope of vertebrate …

As the only surviving lineages of jawless fishes, hagfishes and lampreys provide a critical
window into early vertebrate evolution1–3. Here, we investigate the complex history, timing …