The gene encoding the secreted protein Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is expressed in the
polarizing region (or zone of polarizing activity), a small group of mesenchyme cells at the …

Plants have the remarkable ability to drive cellular dedifferentiation and regeneration.
Changes in epigenetic landscapes accompany the cell fate transition. Notably, modifications …

The limb is a commonly used model system for developmental biology. Given the need for
precise control of complex signalling pathways to achieve proper patterning, the limb is also …

The ability of vertebrates to regenerate amputated appendages is increasingly well-
understood at the cellular level. Cells mediating an innate immune response and …

This review explores the historical and current state of our knowledge about urodele limb
regeneration. Topics discussed are (1) blastema formation by the proteolytic histolysis of …

Most age-related neurodegenerative diseases remain incurable owing to an incomplete
understanding of the disease mechanisms. Several environmental and genetic factors …

Understanding how to promote organ and appendage regeneration is a key goal of
regenerative medicine. The frog, Xenopus, can achieve both scar-free healing and tissue …

Regeneration of missing body parts is an incredible ability which is present in a wide
number of species. However, this regenerative capability varies among different organisms …

Why only certain species can regenerate their appendages (eg tails and limbs) remains one
of the biggest mysteries of nature. Unlike anuran tadpoles and salamanders, humans and …

Abstract Model animals are crucial to biomedical research. Among the commonly used
model animals, the amphibian, Xenopus, has had tremendous impact because of its unique …